10 Ukwa kabiri 2024
Aba-Houthis babandanya bahanganye n’ibisirikare karuhariwe bimwe bimwe vyo kw’isi. Babandanya barasa ibisasu vya misire ku mato ayo ari yo yose mpuzamakungu bafata ko afitaniye isano na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubwongereza canke na Israel, eka mbere no ku yandi ataco bisa bisana.
Ibi bitero bimaze kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku budandaji mpuzamakungu, kuko biba ngombwa ko amato afata izindi nzira ndende cane.
Baboneka ko badatewe ubwoba n’ibitero vy’urutavanako vyo mu kirere vya Amerika ku birindiro vyabo vya misire kandi bariyemeje kwihorera ku matungo ya Amerika n’ay’Ubwongereza.
None aba ba-Houthis ni abantu nyabaki, izi nguvu bazikuye he, ni ibiki biriko bibera mu Kiyaga Gitukura?
Aba-Houthis ni ba nde?
Aba-Houthis ni umurwi w’inkehwa z’abanya-Yemen bava mu karere k’imisozi ko mu buraruko bushira uburengero bw’iki gihugu.
Bakuye izina ryabo ku watanguje uno muhari, Hussein Al-Houthi.
Mu ntango z’imyaka ya 2000, bakoze intambara zitari nke zabahuje n’uwari umukuru w’igihugu ico gihe, hanyuma inyuma y’uko yomowe mu 2012 n’imyiyerekano yo muri ca gihe c’ibihuhusi vy’Abarabu (Printemps arabe), bahavuye baruhira gufata umugwa mukuru, Sanaa, maze bigarurira ubutegetsi mu 2014.
Perezida Ali Abdullah Saleh, yari aherutse gukomborwa, yagize umubabaro mwinshi. Inyuma yo kwirukanwa ku butegetsi, yaciye ategura ingabo yizeye cane zari zijejwe gucungera umukuru w’igihugu kugira zihangane nabo, maze zigarurira abanyagihugu 80% ba Yémen.
Aba-Houthi mu nyuma bahavuye bamugandagura mu 2017.
Kuva aba-Houthi bafashe ubutegetsi, Yemen, igihugu ca mbere gikenye mu bihugu vy’abarabu, yaratabaguwe n’intambara yo hagati mu gihugu iteje akaga.
Abaharurwa mu 150.000 bamaze kwicwa amamiriyoni y’abandi nabo bakaba batunzwe n’imfashanyo. Mu kiringo c’imyaka indwi, aba-Houthi bashoboye kurokoka isekeza ry’ibitero vyo mu kirere vyakorwa n’ihuriro ryari ryiyemeje kubirukana, rirongowe na Arabia Sawudite yari ifise impungenge ku bucuti aba-Houthi bafitaniye n’umukeba wayo, Irani, ariko rikaba ataco ryashitseko.
"Aha-Houthi bibona ko ari abarwanyi badashobora gutsindwa mu ntambara, batewe intege n’urukurikirane rw’itsinzi bagiye bagira mu myaka 20", bivugwa na Mohammed Al-Basha, umuhinga ku bijanye n’akarere k’Ubuseruko bwo Hagati mu kigo c’abahinga Navanti kiri muri Virginia.
Ati : "Bivanye n’ingene bashoboye kwivyukiranya kuva mu 2015 gushika 2022, barashoboye guhangana n’urunani rwari rurongowe na Arabia Sawudite rwariko rugerageza kugarukana ku ntwaro i Sanaa reta izwi n’amakungu".
Kuva hagati muri Munyonyo (11) 2023, aba-Houthi bariko bakoresha ububiko bwabo bukomeye cane bw’amamisire na za ndege zitagira abadereva (drone) mu gukubita amato aca mu micungararo y’umuhora unyunyutse wa Bab Al-Mandeb (détroit de Bab Al-Mandeb).
Batangaje ko intumbero yabo ari ugutera ubwato ubwo ari bwo bwose bufitaniye isano na Israel, mu gushigikira Hamas, kandi bakaba bariyemeje kubandanya ibitero gushika Israel ihagaritse intambara yayo kuri Gaza.
Igihe amato y’intambara ya Amerika n’Ubwongereza atangura guherekeza amato atwara ibidandazwa mu Kiyaga Gitukura hafi ya Yemen, bamaze imisi batera ano mato y’intambara, ariko baratakaje ayabo atatu matoya n’abasirikare cumi babo barwanira mu mazi, igihe batana mu mitwe n’igisirikare ca Amerika kirwanira mu mazi.
N'aho ng’aha bahatakarije, ibitero ku bisirikare vya Amerika n’Ubwongereza birwanira mu mazi (US Navy na Royal Navy), nk’uko Mohammed Al-Basha abivuga, “ bishimangira amarangamutima y’aba-Houthi yo kwiyumva ko badashobora gutsindwa ku rugamba kandi bibatera ukwiyemera mu barwanyi babo … ibi bigatuma bamwe muri bo bumva ko Imana iri kumwe nabo kandi ko bari mu ntambara y’iteka”.
Aba-Houthi – abenshi muri bo bakaba ari abanywanyi b’ishami rizwi nka Zaidi mu ba-Islam b’aba-Shiite mu gihugu ca Yemen kigizwe ahanini n’aba-Sunni – bangana hafi 15% y’abanya-Yemen bose, ariko bifata ko ari bo bategetsi babikwiriye.
None ni igiki kibatandukanya n’abandi banyagihugu ba Yemen?
"Aba-Houthi basanzwe ari abarwanyi, barangwa n’ubugome kandi ba ruburakigongwe"
"Mu bisanzwe ni abarwanyi bakomeye, barangwa n’ubugome kandi ni ba ruburakigongwe", bisigurwa na Edmund Fitton-Brown, yaserukira Ubwongereza muri Yemen 2015 - 2017.
"Nariboneye ibintu vy’ubugome biteye ubwoba i Aden na Taiz. Aba-Houthi bifata ko ari incabwenge zamuka ku ncabwenge (Aba-Zaidi). Haribonekeje rimwe na rimwe agatima kabo k’ubugome ku basivire b’Abasunni hagati no mu bumanuko bwa Yemen: bararungitseyo abarashi karuhariwe kugira bice inzirakarengane mu kwinezereza gusa".
Haraciye igihe ONU iriko igerageza kurondera ko intambara yo muri Yemen ihagarara, mbere Arabia Sawudite ihaye indaro reta ya Yemen yemewe imbere y’amakungu ariko yasenyuwe iranashika ku masezerano y’agahengwe n’aba-Houthi ariko agicumbagira.
Edmund Fitton-Brown yari afise uburambe mu biganiro nabo. Avuga ati : "Cari ikintu kigoye cane.
"Bari abantu bagoye, badashoboka, b’abanyamanyanga, barangwa n’uburakari, bakama bashika bacerewe kandi bakama bivumbura. Bashimangira ko bashaka guhabwa icubahiro kandi bagahabwa khat [ikibabi c’ikiyayuramutwe bahekenya kandi gikunzwe n’abanya-Yemen benshi]. Mu gihe c’ibiganiro, bararakaje cane abanya-Koweit bari babajejwe".
Kuva aba-Houthi batanguje ibitero ku mato, hanyuma Amerika n’Ubwongereza nabo bagatangura gutera ibigo vyabo vya misire mu bitero vyo mu kirere, habaye imyiyerekano ikomeye ishigikiwe na reta ku mugwa mukuru yo kwiyamiriza Uburengero.
None ukuri kwabo kugera he?
Al-Basha agira ati: “Mu guhangana n’ico abantu benshi bo mu buraruko bwa Yemen babona ko ari ingabo mvamahanga, harimwo Amerika, Ubwongereza be n’ihuriro rirongowe na Arabia Sawudite, be no mu guhangana na Israel mu gushigikira Gaza, aba-Houthi babaye rurangiranwa cane mu gihugu”.
Avuga ariko kandi ko Yemen y’iki gihe ari igihugu gicitsemwo kubiri, aho mu duce two mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Yemen harangwa abaterekwa aba-Houthi, aha ni nko muri Maarib, Taiz no mu tundi turere two mu bumanuko. Mu gihe hoba "amatora meza kandi yisanzuye", biragaragara ko aba-Houthi bafise amahirwe make yo kuyatsinda.
Ku bijanye n’iyi myiyerekano, Fitton-Brown yemeza ko aba-Houthi bagomorera ibico vy’abanyagihugu mu mabarabara ku bwoba.
Ati: "Bahamagaza imyiyerekano, bagatanga akaruhuko kuri uwo musi, kandi bakabwira abantu ko babarindiriye. Abenshi mu bakozi babo bahawe akazi kubera bari bashomereye, bakaba barondera ico gushira ku munwa. Mu turere batagenzura bankwa urunuka".
Muri ico gihe nyene, ibisasu vya misire bibandanya vyinjira.
Aha-Houthi basa n’abafise ububiko budashobora gukama bw’amadrone n’ibindi bisasu, vyinshi muri vyo bigatangwa na Iran, bimwe muri vyo bikinjizwa mu kinyegero biciye mu nyanja mu twato duto duto canke ku rubibe rw’ubugaragwa Yemen ihana na Oman.
None bizoherera he?
Ata gukekeranya, bizorangira ari uko aba-Houthi bamanitse amaboko.
Fitton-Brown ati : "Ntibazokwigera bemera gutakaza izina. Ariko [ari nka hamwe hoba amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara muri Gaza], barashobora guca bafatiraho bagatangaza intsinzi, bakemeza ko bashitse ku ntego yabo. Nimba Iran ifise impungenge ko ibikorwa vy’aba-Houthi bishobora kuyishira mu kaga, ifise inguvu zihagije zo kwemeza aba-Houthi inzira kanaka yofatwa".
Muri iki gihe, ibintu nta kigenda mu bumanuko bw’Ikiyaga Gitukura.
Aba-Houthi ntibarekura imbere y’ibi bitero, n’aho boba bariko babona ingene ibigo vyabo vya misire biriko birasamburwa, kimwe ku kindi, mu bitero vyo mu kirere vya Amerika. Bigaragara ko bafise ibikoresho vyinshi cane kandi ko boba bariko bategura ibirindiro vya misire zo kurasa indege mu ntumbero yo kurasa indege y’uburengero iyo ari yo yose y’intambara yoza kubatera.
Hagati aho, ubumanuko bw’Ikiyaga Gitukura hamwe n’ikigobe ca Aden bizobandanya kuba akarere ntagendwa k’isi mu misi iri imbere.
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